- English
- Italiano
Abstract
The scale of shot, i.e. the apparent distance of the camera from the main subject of a scene, is one of the main stylistic and narrative functions of filmic products, conveying meaning and inducing the viewer's emotional state while watching movies.
In this work we propose to use convolutional neural networks for the automatic classification of shot scale into Close-, Medium-, or Long-shots.
The development of such a tool will allow to systematically investigate the relationship between the shot scale and the emotional involvement in movies on large movie corpora.
Training and testing are performed on the full filmographies by six different authors (Scorsese, Godard, Tarr, Fellini, Antonioni, and Bergman) for a total number of 120 movies analysed second by second, with results superior to state-of-the-art, thus opening up interesting lines of cross-disciplinary research on the impact of style on the aesthetic and emotional effects on the viewers.
Dataset
The dataset includes the almost complete filmography by six different directors whose styles are consensually considered highly unique and distinguishable in film historiography of author cinema:
Director | Year | Oiginal name | English name (North America) |
---|---|---|---|
Antonioni | 1950 | Cronaca di un amore* | Story of a Love Affair |
1953 | I vinti | The Vanquished | |
1953 | La signora senza camelie* | The Lady Without Camelias | |
1955 | Le amiche* | The Girl Friends | |
1957 | Il grido* | The cry | |
1960 | L'avventura* | The Adventure | |
1961 | L'eclisse* | Eclipse | |
1962 | La Notte | The night | |
1964 | Il deserto rosso* | Red desert | |
1966 | Blowup | Blowup | |
1970 | Zabriskie Point | Zabriskie Point | |
1975 | Professione reporter* | The Passenger | |
1982 | Identificazione di una donna* | Identification of a Woman | |
Bergman | 1949 | Fangelse* | Prison |
1950 | Till gladje* | To Joy | |
1951 | Sommarlek* | Summer Interlude | |
1952 | Kvinnors vantan* | Secrets of Women | |
1953 | Gycklarnas afton* | Sawdust and Tinsel | |
1953 | Sommaren med Monika* | Summer with Monika | |
1954 | En lektion i karlek* | A Lesson in Love | |
1955 | Kvinnordrom | Dreams | |
1955 | Sommarnattens leende* | Smiles of a Summer Night | |
1957 | Det Sjunde inseglet | The Seventh Seal | |
1957 | Smultronstallet* | Wild Strawberries | |
1958 | Ansiktet | The Magician | |
1958 | Nara livet | Brink of Life | |
1960 | Djavulens oga* | The Devil's Eye | |
1960 | Jungfrukallan* | The Virgin Spring | |
1961 | Sasom i en spegel* | Through a Glass Darkly | |
1963 | Nattvardsgasterna* | Winter Light | |
1963 | Tystnaden* | The silence | |
1966 | Persona* | Persona | |
1968 | Skammen* | Shame | |
1968 | Vargtimmen* | Hour of the Wolf | |
1969 | En Passion* | The Passion of Anna | |
1969 | Riten | The rite | |
1971 | Beroringen | The Touch | |
1972 | Viskningar och rop* | Cries and Whispers | |
1973 | Scener ur ett aktenskap* | Scenes from a Marriage | |
1976 | Ansikte mot ansikte | Face to Face | |
1977 | Das Schlangenei | The Serpent's Egg | |
1978 | Hostsonaten* | Autumn Sonata | |
1980 | Aus dem Leben der Marionetten | From the Life of the Marionettes | |
1982 | Fanny och Alexander | Fanny and Alexander | |
2003 | Saraband* | Saraband | |
Fellini | 1950 | Luci del varietà* | Variety Lights |
1952 | Lo sceicco bianco | The White Sheik | |
1953 | I vitelloni | I vitelloni | |
1954 | La Strada | The road | |
1955 | Il Bidone* | The Swindle | |
1960 | La Dolce Vita* | La Dolce Vita | |
1963 | Otto e Mezzo | 8½ | |
1965 | Giulietta degli spiriti* | Juliet of the Spirits | |
1969 | Satyricon* | Satyricon | |
1972 | Roma | Roma | |
1973 | Amarcord* | Amarcord | |
1976 | Casanova | Fellini's Casanova | |
1978 | Prova d'orchestra | Orchestra Rehearsal | |
1980 | La città delle donne | City of women | |
1983 | E la nave va* | And the Ship Sails On | |
1986 | Ginger e Fred | Ginger and Fred | |
1990 | La voce della luna | The Voice of the Moon | |
Godard | 1960 | A bout de souffle* | Breathless |
1960 | Le Petit Soldat | The Little Soldier | |
1961 | Une femme est une femme* | A Woman Is a Woman | |
1962 | Vivre sa vie | My Life to Live | |
1963 | Le Mepris* | Contempt | |
1963 | Les Carabiniers* | The Carabineers | |
1964 | Bande a part* | Band of outsiders | |
1964 | Une femme mariee | A Married Woman | |
1965 | Alphaville* | Alphaville: A Strange Adventure of Lemmy Caution | |
1965 | Pierrot le Fou | Pierrot le Fou | |
1966 | Made in USA* | Made in USA | |
1966 | Masculin feminin* | Masculine Feminine | |
1967 | 2 ou 3 choses que je sais d'elle | Two or Three Things I Know About Her | |
1967 | La chinoise* | La chinoise | |
1967 | Week-end* | Weekend | |
1969 | Le Gai savoir | Joy of Learning | |
1972 | Tout va bien | Everything's Going Fine | |
1980 | Sauve qui peut la vie | Every Man for Himself | |
1983 | Prenom Carmen | First Name: Carmen | |
1985 | Detective | Détective | |
1985 | Je vous salue Marie | Hail Mary | |
1987 | King Lear | King Lear | |
1987 | Soigne ta droite | Keep Your Right Up | |
1990 | Nouvelle vague | New Wave | |
1991 | Allemagne année 90 neuf zéro | Germany Year 90 Nine Zero | |
1996 | For Ever Mozart | For Ever Mozart | |
2001 | Éloge de l'amour | In Praise of Love | |
2004 | Notre musique | Our Music | |
2010 | Film socialisme* | Film Socialism | |
Scorsese | 1967 | Who's that knocking at my door | Who's that knocking at my door |
1972 | Boxcar Bertha | Boxcar Bertha | |
1973 | Mean Streets* | Mean Streets | |
1974 | Alice doesn't live here anymore | Alice doesn't live here anymore | |
1976 | Taxi Driver* | Taxi Driver | |
1977 | New York, New York | New York, New York | |
1980 | Raging Bull* | Raging Bull | |
1983 | The King of Comedy | The King of Comedy | |
1985 | After Hours* | After Hours | |
1986 | The color of money | The color of money | |
1988 | The Last Temptation of Christ | The Last Temptation of Christ | |
1990 | Goodfellas* | Goodfellas | |
1991 | Cape Fear | Cape Fear | |
1993 | The Age of Innocence | The Age of Innocence | |
1995 | Casino* | Casino | |
1997 | Kundun | Kundun | |
1999 | Bringing Out the Dead | Bringing Out the Dead | |
2002 | Gangs of New York* | Gangs of New York | |
2004 | The Aviator* | The Aviator | |
2006 | The Departed* | The Departed | |
2010 | Shutter Island* | Shutter Island | |
2011 | Hugo* | Hugo | |
2013 | The Wolf of Wall Street | The Wolf of Wall Street | |
Tarr | 1977 | Csaladi tuzfeszek* | Family Nest |
1981 | Szabadgyalog | The Outsider | |
1982 | Panelkapcsolat | The Prefab People | |
1985 | Oszi almanach* | Almanac of Fall | |
1988 | Karhozat* | Damnation | |
1994 | Satantango | Satan's Tango | |
2000 | Werckmeister harmoniak* | Werckmeister Harmonies | |
2007 | A Londoni Ferfi* | The Man from London | |
2011 | A torinoi lo* | The Turin Horse |
Those with * are used for testing.
Results